1 Kings 15:30

Authorized King James Version

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Because of the sins of Jeroboam which he sinned, and which he made Israel sin, by his provocation wherewith he provoked the LORD God of Israel to anger.

Original Language Analysis

עַל H5921
עַל
Strong's: H5921
Word #: 1 of 16
above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications
חַטֹּ֤אות Because of the sins H2403
חַטֹּ֤אות Because of the sins
Strong's: H2403
Word #: 2 of 16
an offence (sometimes habitual sinfulness), and its penalty, occasion, sacrifice, or expiation; also (concretely) an offender
יָֽרָבְעָם֙ of Jeroboam H3379
יָֽרָבְעָם֙ of Jeroboam
Strong's: H3379
Word #: 3 of 16
jarobam, the name of two israelite kings
אֲשֶׁ֣ר H834
אֲשֶׁ֣ר
Strong's: H834
Word #: 4 of 16
who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction) when, where, how, because, in order that, etc
הֶֽחֱטִ֖יא sin H2398
הֶֽחֱטִ֖יא sin
Strong's: H2398
Word #: 5 of 16
properly, to miss; hence (figuratively and generally) to sin; by inference, to forfeit, lack, expiate, repent, (causatively) lead astray, condemn
וַֽאֲשֶׁ֥ר H834
וַֽאֲשֶׁ֥ר
Strong's: H834
Word #: 6 of 16
who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction) when, where, how, because, in order that, etc
הֶֽחֱטִ֖יא sin H2398
הֶֽחֱטִ֖יא sin
Strong's: H2398
Word #: 7 of 16
properly, to miss; hence (figuratively and generally) to sin; by inference, to forfeit, lack, expiate, repent, (causatively) lead astray, condemn
אֶת H853
אֶת
Strong's: H853
Word #: 8 of 16
properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)
יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ and which he made Israel H3478
יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ and which he made Israel
Strong's: H3478
Word #: 9 of 16
he will rule as god; jisral, a symbolical name of jacob; also (typically) of his posterity
בְּכַעְס֕וֹ by his provocation H3708
בְּכַעְס֕וֹ by his provocation
Strong's: H3708
Word #: 10 of 16
vexation
אֲשֶׁ֣ר H834
אֲשֶׁ֣ר
Strong's: H834
Word #: 11 of 16
who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction) when, where, how, because, in order that, etc
הִכְעִ֔יס to anger H3707
הִכְעִ֔יס to anger
Strong's: H3707
Word #: 12 of 16
to trouble; by implication, to grieve, rage, be indignant
אֶת H853
אֶת
Strong's: H853
Word #: 13 of 16
properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)
יְהוָ֖ה wherewith he provoked the LORD H3068
יְהוָ֖ה wherewith he provoked the LORD
Strong's: H3068
Word #: 14 of 16
(the) self-existent or eternal; jeho-vah, jewish national name of god
אֱלֹהֵ֥י God H430
אֱלֹהֵ֥י God
Strong's: H430
Word #: 15 of 16
gods in the ordinary sense; but specifically used (in the plural thus, especially with the article) of the supreme god; occasionally applied by way of
יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ and which he made Israel H3478
יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ and which he made Israel
Strong's: H3478
Word #: 16 of 16
he will rule as god; jisral, a symbolical name of jacob; also (typically) of his posterity

Analysis & Commentary

Because of the sins of Jeroboam which he sinned, and which he made Israel sin, by his provocation wherewith he provoked the LORD God of Israel to anger.

This verse contributes to the broader narrative of kings of judah and israel: abijam, asa, nadab, baasha, within the book's focus on spiritual decline of both kingdoms under various rulers.

The Hebrew text reveals nuances important for understanding this passage's contribution to 1 Kings' theological message about kingship, covenant, and faithfulness to Yahweh. This verse demonstrates the consequences when God's people—especially their leaders—either follow or forsake the covenant established at Sinai.

Historical Context

First Kings was written during or after the Babylonian exile (6th century BCE), reflecting on the monarchy period (10th-9th centuries BCE) to explain why the kingdoms fell. This period (c. 930-850 BCE) saw rapid succession and instability, especially in the northern kingdom.

Ancient Near Eastern kingship ideology viewed kings as divine representatives responsible for maintaining cosmic order through right worship. Archaeological discoveries from sites like Megiddo, Hazor, and Samaria confirm the historical reliability of 1 Kings' descriptions of building projects and administrative structures.

Questions for Reflection

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